![]() Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism, but has also suffered setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. ![]() The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence-the sapience of Homo sapiens-can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. Īrtificial intelligence ( AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. TOPIO, a humanoid robot, played table tennis at Tokyo International Robot Exhibition (IREX) 2009.
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